Multi-Objective Optimization of a Process Parameter in Turning of Titanium Alloy Using GRA, PCA and RSM Method

Volume 6 Issue 4 January - March 2019

Research Paper

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Process Parameter in Turning of Titanium Alloy Using GRA, PCA and RSM Method

Sivakoteswararao Katta*, G. Chaitanya**, B. Ravi Shankar ***

*Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

**Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RVR&JC College of Engineering, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

***Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Katta, S., Chaitanya, G., and Shankar, B. R. (2019). Multi-objective optimization of a process parameter in turning of titanium alloy using GRA, PCA and RSM method. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science , 6(4), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.6.4.14816

Abstract

In the present machining environment, application of nanofluids in metal cutting operations plays a vital role to improve machinability and efficiency of the machine tool. To reduce environmental hazards, minimal fluid application is more suitable. The preparation of suitable nanofluids is still a difficult task for metal cutting industries. The selection of nanoparticle and cutting fluids are not so easy because its properties will affect the performance of nanofluid preparation and performance. Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy is used as a work material because of its inherent properties. Uncoated carbide tool is used to cut the work material because of its less cost with good hardness capability. To find optimal machining condition and prediction, optimal output responses are very useful for the metal cutting process to enhance the machine tool performance. In the present research work, graphene nanoparticle was selected because its high thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures, and vegetable oils (soybean oils ) with high viscosity index to reduce tool wear, surface roughness, temperature, and cycle time. A nanofluid based minimal fluid application with optimization using GRA, PCA, and RSM proved its best. All three optimization process gave very close valves to each other. Since this research is a multi-objective, these developed models using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), and Principal Component Analysis can be used for evaluation of surface roughness, cutting force, tool wear, temperature, and cutting time as well.

Dielectric Properties of Sm/Zr Substituted Mg-Mn Ferrites

Volume 6 Issue 4 January - March 2019

Research Paper

Dielectric Properties of Sm/Zr Substituted Mg-Mn Ferrites

G. Bhanu Praveen*, A. D. P. Rao**

*Research Scholar, Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Professor, Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Praveen, G.B., and Rao, A.D.P. (2019). Dielectric Properties of Sm/Zr Substituted Mg-Mn Ferrites. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science , 6(4), 11-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.6.4.14882

Abstract

Two series of Mg-Mn ferrites with the substitution of Sm3+ and or Zr4+ having the chemical compositions Mg0.95 Mn0.05 Sm2x Fe2-2x O4 and Mg0.95 Mn0.05+x ZrxFe2-2x O4 have been prepared. Two types such as bulk as well as nano size particles ferrite materials are prepared for relative studies of these materials. Dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, complex dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent along with AC resistivity are investigated in the frequency range 1 Hz to 10 MHz and temperature range -150 to 300°C. The value of x varies from 0.0 to 0.5 in steps of 0.1. The obtained experimental results of dielectric constant, loss factor, and AC resistivity of bulk size ferrites are compared relative to nano size ferrites.

Morphological Studies and Mechanical Characteristics of Aluminium Hybrid Composite Reinforced with Fly Ash and Nano Red Mud

Volume 6 Issue 4 January - March 2019

Research Paper

Morphological Studies and Mechanical Characteristics of Aluminium Hybrid Composite Reinforced with Fly Ash and Nano Red Mud

G. Siva Karuna*, P. Suresh Babu**

*Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visakha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maha Veer Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Karuna, G.S., and Babu, P. S. (2019). Morphological Studies and Mechanical Characteristics of Aluminium Hybrid Composite Reinforced With Fly Ash and Nano Red Mud. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science , 6(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.6.4.15437

Abstract

When compared with all the conventional materials, different aluminium alloys are gaining their attention in many areas of interest like aerospace, automobile, and manufacturing due to their enhanced mechanical properties. The 2xxx series of aluminium alloy is being used to a large degree due to their augmented properties like a great response to aging, excellent formability, and high strength. In this investigation, research is carried out to understand the changes in the mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of AA2024 under the influence of various by-products of the industries, which are also known as industrial wastes in the form of reinforcements during the preparation of aluminium metal matrix composites. By this work, usage of industrial solid wastes as reinforcement would reduce the cost of the products in widespread applications. Among various industrial wastes, red mud and fly ash are chosen as reinforcement in preparation of MMC. Stir casting process is used for synthesizing MMC with 2, 4, and 6% weight fractions of nano red mud and fixed weight fraction of micro fly ash each. For the synthesized hybrid composite, experimental tests were carried out for various mechanical properties. It was found that there is a great improvement in the ultimate strengths and hardness with an increase in the weight fractions of the reinforcement, and decrease in the density of the composite with increasing weight fractions of the reinforcement. To examine the microstructure characteristics, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) is used for the prepared hybrid composite. It has been found that there has been a uniform distribution of the reinforcement around the matrix. FESEM and EDS results have revealed the presence of nano red mud and fly ash around the matrix and also revealed that absence of any voids or cracks in the prepared hybrid composite.

Review on The Impact of Deposition Conditions on Reactively Deposited CZTSe Thin Films

Volume 6 Issue 3 October - December 2018

Review Paper

Review on The Impact of Deposition Conditions on Reactively Deposited CZTSe Thin Films

Rekha Prajapat*, Y. C. Sharma**

* Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

**Dean, Research & Development and Professor of Physics, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Prajapat, R., and Sharma, Y. C. (2018). Review on the Impact of Deposition Conditions on Reactively Deposited CZTSe Thin Films. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 6(3), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.6.3.14831

Abstract

In the second generation thin film solar cell, Copper Zinc Tin Selenium (CZTSe) thin film is considered as the quintessential absorber layer in solar cell as its constituents are earth abundant and non-toxic, making it environmental friendly. Many fabrication methods have been employed to fabricate the films like Thermal evaporation method, pulsed layer deposition, RF-DC Sputtering, etc. The authors have monitored the aspects that highly influence the band gap of CZTSe thin films during the deposition process. This paper recapitulate the parameters that affect the band gap of CZTSe thin film as an absorber layer like substrate temperature, annealing temperature, and order of precursors.

Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Anatase/Rutile TiO2 Nanoparticles

Volume 6 Issue 3 October - December 2018

Research Paper

Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Anatase/Rutile TiO2 Nanoparticles

Eppa Radha*, Durgam Komaraiah**, M. V. Ramana Reddy***, R. Sayanna****, J. Sivakumar*****

*_** PhD Scholar, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

***, ***** Professor, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

**** Professor (Rtd), Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Radha, E., Komaraiah, D., Reddy, M. V. R., Sayanna, R., and Sivakumar, J. (2018). Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Anatase/Rutile TiO2 Nanoparticles. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 6(3), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.6.3.15318

Abstract

Titania photocatalyst was synthesized by sol-gel method using titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor. The TiO2 was annealed at 600oC and 800oC and then characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), UV-Vis DRSand FTIR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the TiO2 annealed at 600oC was found to be anatase phase and annealed at 800oC was found to be rutile phase. The crystalline size of anatase TiO2 is about 17 nm and rutile is about 50nm. The characteristic IR bandobserved from 400 to 900 cm−1corresponds to the Ti–O bond stretching vibrations can be clearly observed from FTIR analysis. The indirect band gap energy of rutile TiO2 is about 2.83 eV and anatase TiO2 is about 3.00 eV.Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solution as a model pollutant under visible light irradiation. Aanatase TiO2 exhibited more efficient PCA than the rutile TiO2. After 4h photodegradation of MB solution was obtained to 96% foranatase TiO2 and 90% for rutile. The small crystallite size and anatase phase probably resulted in the high photocatalytic activity of TiO2.

X-Ray Analysis of Inxse1-X Crystals by Scherrer, Williamson-Hall and Size-Strain Plot Methods

Volume 6 Issue 3 October - December 2018

Research Paper

X-Ray Analysis of Inxse1-X Crystals by Scherrer, Williamson-Hall and Size-Strain Plot Methods

P. B. Patel*, H. N. Desai**, J. M. Dhimmar***, B. P. Modi****

* Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Physics, J.N.M. Patel Science College, Surat, Gujarat, India.

** Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India.

*** Associate Professor, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India.

**** Professor, Department of Physics, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Surat, Gujarat, India.

Patel, P.B., Desai, H. N., Dhimmer, J. M., and Modi, B. P. (2018). X-Ray Analysis of Inxse1-X Crystals by Scherrer, Williamson-Hall and Size-Strain. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 6(3), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.6.3.14725

Abstract

InxSe1-x (x=0.2 and x=0.6) crystals have been grown by Bridgman/Stockbarger method. The compositional, morphological and structural properties of InxSe1-x semiconductor crystals have been investigated using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) techniques. The freshly cleaved crystals acquired from ingot have mirror-like surface. The powder XRD results revealed that the grown sample was crystalline with a hexagonal structure. SEM image showed that InxSe1-x crystals have smooth, homogenous and layered surface. The crystalline developments in the InxSe1-x crystals have been investigated by X-ray peak broadening. The Williamson Hall (W-H) analysis and size strain plot methods are used to study the individual contributions of crystallite sizes and lattice strain on the peak broadening of the InxSe1-x crystals. The physical parameters such as strain, stress, and energy density values were evaluated more specifically for all the reflection peaks of XRD corresponding to the hexagonal phase of InxSe1-x crystals from the modified form of the W-H plot using uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) and by the size strain plot method (SSP). The results obtained showed that the mean crystallite size of the InxSe1-x crystals determined from the W-H analysis and the SSP methods are inter-correlated.

An Advanced Catalytic action for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on RGO and ZnO nanoparticle composite

Volume 6 Issue 3 October - December 2018

Research Paper

An Advanced Catalytic action for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on RGO and ZnO nanoparticle composite

Sunayana Kashyap*, Raj Deep**

*Postgraduate, Department of Biotechnology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

**B. Tech Graduate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India.

Kashyap, S., and Deep, R. (2018). An Advanced Catalytic Action for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on RGO and ZnO Nanoparticle Composite. i-manager’s Journal on Material Science, 6(3), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jms.6.3.14861

Abstract

In this work, Zinc Oxide nanoparticle was developed over reduced graphene oxide sheets and cyclic voltammetry was performed with different nanomaterial composites fabricated over electrodes and their graphs were compared. There was an exceptional rise in current, which shows that the composite could be used to catalyse different reactions, which favour transfer of electrons like Hydrogen Reduction Reaction and Oxygen Reduction Reactions. The graphene oxide (GO) was synthesised by improved Hummers method and it was reduced fully by treating it with by L-Ascorbic acid. The composite of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide was synthesised and characterised using different characterization techniques.